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Battle of Rasil
The Battle of Rasil was fought between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Rai kingdom ruled by Raja Rasil in early 644. It was first encounter of Rashidun Caliphate in the South Asia. The exact location of the battle is not known but historians suggest it was fought at the western bank of River Indus.
Suhail ibn Adi was given command of this expedition by Caliph Umar. Suhail marched from Busra in 643. He eventually reached Makran, what is now a part of present-day Pakistan. It was a traditional territory of Sassanids for centuries but was then a domain of the Rai Kingdom, who annexed it in 636-637 although they acted as a vassal of Sassanid Persians in past.〔Peter Crawford, ''The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam'', (Pen & Sword, 2013), 192.()〕〔André Wink, ''Al-hind: The Making of the Indo-islamic World'', Vol. I, (E.J. Brill, 1990), 133.()〕
== Battle ==
Raja Rasil, a local Hindu potentate of Kingdom of Sindh, concentrated huge armies in Makran to halt the advance of the Muslims. Suhail was reinforced by Uthman ibn Abi al-'As from Persepolis, and Hakam ibn Amr from Busra. The combined forces defeated Raja Rasil at a pitch Battle of Rasil, who retreated to the eastern bank of River Indus. Further east from Indus River laid Sindh, which was domain of Rai Kingdom.〔The Muslim Conquest of Persia By A.I. Akram. Ch:13 ISBN 0-19-597713-0,〕 Umar, after learning that Sindh was a poor and relatively barran land, disapproved Suhail’s proposal to cross Indus River.〔The History of Al-Tabari: The Challenge to the Empires, Translated by Khalid Yahya Blankinship, Published by SUNY Press, 1993, ISBN 0-7914-0852-3〕 For the time being, Umar declared the Indus River, a natural barrier, to be the easternmost frontier of his domain. This campaign came to an end in mid 644.〔''Al Farooq, Umar'' By Muhammad Husayn Haykal. chapter 19 page no:130〕
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